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Thermodynamics

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Ultra Microscope

An ultra microscope is used to detect the presence of small particles of matter suspended in a liquid. This microscope is not meant for observing better details, i.e. to increase the resolving power. The main purpose is to increase the intensity of illumination in a limited region surrounding the particle against a comparatively dark background.

The main parts of the ultra microscope are as shown in figure. S is a strong source of light. With the help of the condensing lens L₁, the image of the source S is formed on the horizontal slit S₁. The image of this illuminated silt is further reduced by the lenses L₂ and L₃. Finally a sharp image of S₁ is formed on the axis of the microscope M at the point P. The particles suspended in the liquid contained in the vessel A are strongly illuminated against a dark background. Their presence is detected by the light scattered by the particles with the help of the microscope focused at the point P. The main reason for using intense illumination is that the scattered light is viewed in a direction perpendicular to that of the incident light.