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Unix Commands

1. User account command

passwd : Change your password.

This will let you enter a new password. Please use a password that is not a real word or name and has numbers or punctuation in it. Practice. Login your user and change password to new one. Do not practice this command with root user.

# passwd

2. Manual and Process command

man : Show any UNIX command usages

“man command” shows purpose of command, its format, how to specify options and usage examples. Operator should use “man” to learn more about Unix commands given in this documents. Practice. Use man to learn how to use following commands

# man passwd
# man su
# man whoami

3. Directory Command

ls : List the contents of a directory

“ls option dirname” lists content of “dirname” directory. If “dirname” is omitted, it lists current directory. Option “–l” gives a more information showing file type, size, owner and modification date of each file, option “-la” lists all files including those filenames begin with a dot such as . , .. (“.” represents current directory, “..” represents parent directory). Practice. Show content of current directory with different options and observe different outputs.

# ls
# ls –l
# ls -la

Show content of “/etc” directory and parent directory(“..”).

# ls –la /etc cd : Change to a directory.

“cd dirname” move working directory to “dirname” directory. If “dirname” is omitted, it will move back to home directory.

pwd : Show current working directory
mkdir : Create a new directory.
“mkdir dirname” will create a new subdirectory called “dirname”.
rmdir : Remove a directory.
“rmdir dirname “will remove a subdirectory “dirname”. The directory must be completely empty of files before this command will work.

4. File Copy/Move/Remove Command

cp : Copy a file.

“cp src dest” will make an exact copy of file “src” , with the name “dest”. If “dest” is a subdirectory name, the command will instead copy file “src” into the subdirectory “dest” and use its original file name.

mv : Move (rename) a file.

“mv src dest” will move file “src” to file “dest”. If “dest” is a subdirectory name, the command will instead move file into the subdirectory “dest” and use its original file name.

** Difference between “cp” and “mv” is that “mv” will delete the “src” file while “cp” will leave “src” file untouched **

rm : Remove (delete) a file.

“rm filename” will delete “filename”. Once it is removed, there is no way to get it back.