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Collisions

If two billiard balls approach each other, they interact for a moment when in contact, and then separate in different with a change in their velocities in general. This process is referred to as collision.

For collision, it is not necessary that the two particles interact by actually coming in contact with each other. For example, consider the collision of a proton with a nucleus. When the distance between them is large, they approach uniformly towards each other without any appreciable interaction. On coming close, the electrostatic repulsion between them becomes, large, and their velocities are changed. The interaction takes place for a brief interval of time (and over a small region of space); afterwards, proton and nucleus again move uniformed away from each other. Such a process is also referred to as collision.

Thus collision is a (mutual) interaction between two objects which occurs over a small region of space and over a short duration. Before and after the process of collision, these objects do not interact and are described, respectively, by their initial and final stages (velocities, angular momenta, etc.)