Photo Elasticity
The optical technique employed for the study of stress analysis in girders, beam etc. is called photo-elasticity. When a doubly refracting crystals is placed between the crossed nicols, the field of view is covered by an interference pattern. Celluloid, glass, Bakelite etc. if they are free from strain, do not exhibit the property of birefringence. But these materials exhibit the property of double refraction temporarily when subjected to internal stress.
If such a strained material is placed between two crossed nicols, an interference pattern is observed. The photograph of the pattern is taken and the stress at various points is studied. The stress is maximum at points where the interference pattern is close. The stress produced in a girder when loaded is estimated by this method. The model of the girder made of a transparent plastic material is placed between the crossed nicols and then loaded. The stresses produced at different positions can be analysed and estimated. This method of stress analysis is commonly used in preference to other methods.
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