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Thermodynamics

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Sodium Lamp

The commercial form of sodium vapour lamp consists of an elongated glass bulb made of special glass. E₁ and E₂ are two oxide coated electrodes. These electrodes are connected to the secondary of a step up transformer whose primary is connected to 220 volts, 50 hertz AC mains. The potential difference across E₁ and E₂ is sufficient to ionize neon and it warms up.

The heat produced evaporates a little of sodium and then it works as an arc lamp. Because of neon, the colour of light is initially brilliant red which finally becomes golden yellow. These lamps, used commercially for street lighting, are more efficient than the electric glow lamps.

Sodium vapour lamps are commonly used in laboratories as sources of monochromatic light. Sodium emits D₁ and D₂ lines of wavelengths 5896 Å and 5890 Å. The difference in wavelength is small. For practical purposes, the values is 5893 Å.