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Non Inertial Frames

The inertial frames, are of unique importance since law of inertia holds in them. An object, which is not acted upon by any force arising from its interaction with other objects, remains at rest (or in uniform motion) in an inertial frame. If one inertial frame is identified, then any other frame moving with constant velocity relative to it, is also inertial. Self-consistency of arguments implies that all unaccelerated (in ‘Absolute Space’) frames constitute the class of inertial frames. In distinction, an accelerated frame is called a non-inertial frame.

All inertial frames are equivalent in the sense that any dynamical experiment gives same result in all these frames. Both, the values of force and acceleration for an object remain same when we go from one frame to another. Hence, equation of motion F = ma yields same result in different inertial frames. Thus, by observing the dynamics of an object, we cannot distinguish if one frame is stationary and other is moving or vice versa, or if both are moving (in the absolute sense/in absolute space); only relative velocity between them can be inferred.

A non-inertial frame, on the other hand, can be dynamically detected. As we shall see below, it is possible to find out the acceleration of a non-inertial frame by observing the motion of an object from this frame. The acceleration of a non-inertial frame is absolute in the sense that it is same with respect to all inertial frames (acceleration is Gallilean invariant). Hence, different non-inertial frames are distinguishable.