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Zero Mass Particle

The momentum and energy in relativistic mechanics are given by

Thus, the energy and momentum are intrinsically related in relativistic mechanics; conservation of momentum implies energy conservation.

There are some particles, e.g. photons and neutrinos, which have zero rest mass, m₀ = 0. Such particles always move with speed v = c, so they have a finite momentum and energy, though zero rest mass. The energy and momentum of these particles is related through

E = pc

In particular, for photons, we know that E = h v. Hence, momentum of a photon of frequency v is given by