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Brewster Window

One of the important applications of Brewster’s law and Brewster’s angle is in the design of a glass window that enables 100% transmission of light. Such a type of window is used in lasers and it is called a Brewster window.

When an ordinary beam of light is incident normally on a glass window, about 8% of light is lost by reflection on its two surfaces and about 92% intensity is transmitted. In the case of a gas laser filled with mirrors outside the windows, light travels through the window about a hundred times. In this way the intensity of the final beam is about 3 × 10^-4 because (0.92)100 ≈ 3 × 10^-4. It means the transmitted beam has practically no intensity.

To overcome this difficulty, the window is titled so that the light beam is incident at Brewster’s angle. After about hundred transmissions, the final beam will be plane polarized.

The light component vibrating at right angles to the plane of incidence is reflected. After about 100 reflections at the Brewster window, the transmitted beam will have 50% of the intensity of the incident beam and it will be completely plane polarized. The net effect of this type of arrangement is that half the amount of light intensity has been discarded and the other half is completely retained. Brewster’s windows are used gas lasers.