Relativity Einstein Theory
Einstein in 1905 propounded the special theory of relativity and in 1915 proposed the general theory of relativity. The special theory deals with the problems in which one frame of reference moves with a constant linear velocity relative to another frame of reference. The general theory of relativity deals with problems in which one frame of reference is accelerated with respect to another frame of reference. Einstein assumed that all observers will notice that their motion in space will make no difference in the velocity of light with respect to them. He assumed that a fixed frame of reference cannot be located. All laws must be so stated that they are applicable in any frame of reference.
According to Einstein’s theory of relativity:
1. The observation on any particular frame of reference are not referred to those on any other frame of reference. It means that the laws of physics are applicable equally well for an observer in the frame of reference A moving with a constant linear velocity with respect to an observer in another frame of reference B and vice versa.
2. Velocity of light in free space is constant and is independent of the motion of the observer in any frame of reference.
Einstein proved the following facts based on his theory of relativity. Let v be the velocity of the spaceship with respect to a given frame of reference. The observations are made by an observer in that reference frame.
1. All clocks on the space ship will go slow by a factor
2. All objects on the spaceship will have contracted in length by a factor
3. The mass of the spaceship increases by a factor
4. Mass and energy are interconvertible.
E = mc2
5. The speed of a material object can never exceed the velocity of light.
6. If two objects A and B are moving with velocities u and v with respect to each other along the x-axis, the relative velocity of A with respect to B is given by
Here u and v are comparable with value of c.
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