Deviation by Thin Lens

A lens may be considered to be made up of large number of prisms placed one above the other. As the function of the lens is to deviate the incident ray of light, it is necessary to find the deviation produced by a particular portion of the lens. Let a ray of monochromatic light parallel to the principal axis be incident on a thin lens at a height h above the axis and let f be the focal length of the lens. As the ray is parallel to the principal axis, after refraction it will pass through the second focus.

The deviation suffered by the ray is given by



In the paraxial region δ being small, tan δ = δ.



Next, consider a luminous point object O and its corresponding image I. Then, deviation suffered by the ray OA incident at A is given by

δ = ∠ AOL + ∠ AIL

This shows that the deviation produced by a lens is independent of the position of the object.

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