Chromatic Aberration in Lens

When a parallel beam of white light is passed through a lens, the beam gets dispersed and rays of light of different colours (wavelengths) come to focus at different points along the axis. The blue rays of light come to focus at a point nearer the lens and the red rays of light at a farther point. ƒ_b is the focus for the blue rays and ƒ_r is the focus for the red rays. The colours in between blue and red come to focus between ƒ_b and ƒ_r. The distance (ƒ_r – ƒ_b) = x is called the longitudinal or axial chromatic aberration.

The focal length of a lens is given by



From equations (iv) and (v)

Taking ƒ_b ƒ_r = ƒ², where,



= ω.ƒ                                          (vii)    

Thus the axial chromatic aberration is equal to ωƒ where ω is the dispersive power of the material of the lens for blue and red rays of light and ƒ is the focal length for the mean yellow rays of light. Further, it is clear, from the above, that a single lens cannot form an image free from chromatic aberration.

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