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Hydrogen Spectral Atom

1. Lyman series: When an electron jumps from the outer to the first orbit, the spectral lines are in the ultra-violet region.

Here, n₁ = 1, n₂ = 2, 3, 4, 5, ………

2. Balmer series: When an electron jumps from outer orbits to the second orbit,

n₁ = 2, n₂ = 3, 4, 5, ….. etc.

This series lies in the visible region of the spectrum.

3. Paschen series: When an electron jumps from the outer orbits to the third orbit,

n₁ = 3, n₂ = 4, 5, 6 etc.

4. Bracket series : When an electron jumps from outer orbits to the fourth orbit,

n₁ = 4, n₂ = 5, 6, 7, …… , etc.

5. Pfund series: When an electron jumps from outer orbits to the fifth orbit

n₁ = 5, n₂ = 6, 7, 8 etc.

The last three series are in the infra-red region. When the Bohr’s theory was suggested, only the Balmer and Paschen series for hydrogen atom were known. The other series as suggested theoretically according to equation to equation. (vii) were verified experimentally also. The Lyman series (1916) the Bracket series (1922) and Pfund wave numbers are suggested theoretically. When an electron absorbs energy, it moves from lower energy level to higher level as in the absorption spectrum. When an electron jumps from higher energy level to the lower energy level, it emits radiations as in the emission spectrum.