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Amines

Amines are important class of organic compounds which may be regarded as alkyl or aryl derivatives of ammonia. Amino group is essential part of large number of natural compounds such as proteins, vitamins, alkaloids, harmones, etc. many synthetic compounds like polymers, dyestuffs, drugs, etc, also contain amino group in their molecules.

Classification of amines

Amines are obtained by the replacements of one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia by alkyl or aryl groups. They can be classified into primary (1˚), secondary (2˚) or tertiary (3˚) amines, depending upon whether one, two or three H atoms of ammonia have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.

Thus, characteristic functional groups for primary, secondary or tertiary amines are as:

There is yet another class of compounds besides these three types of amines, in which N atoms is quaternary. Such compounds are called quaternary ammonium salts. They are regarded as derivatives of ammonium salts in which all the four H atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.

Some examples are: