Cannizzaro Reaction

Aldehydes which do not have –hydrogen atom, such as formaldehyte and benzaldehyte, when heated with concentrated (50%)alkali solution, give a mixture of alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid.



In this reaction, the aldehyde undergoes disproportionate. It implies that one molecule of aldehydes is oxidized to carboxylic acid and the other is reduced to alcohol. Ketones do not give this reaction.

The reaction is also possible in all compounds which lack –hydrogen atom. For example,



It must be noted that in crossed Cannizzaro’s reaction, when an aldehydes is treated with formaldehyde and aqueous basic solution then it is formaldehyde that undergoes oxidation.



Compounds containing two carbonyl groups undergo internal Cannizzaro’s reaction.



On the other hand, aldehydes containing –hydrogen atoms when heated with concentrated alkali give brown resinous mass.

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