Ethers

Ethers are the compounds with general formula or CnH₂n+2O (same as monohydric alcohols). These are represented by general structure. R-O-R’. They may be regarded as dialkyl derivatives of water or mono alkyl derivatives of alcohols.



They are also considered as anhydrides of alcohols because they can be obtained by the elimination of water molecule from two alcohol molecules.



The groups R and R’ in ether may either be same or different. In case these groups are same, the compounds are known as simple ethers or symmetrical ethers. On the other hand, if R and R’ groups are different, the compounds are called mixed ether or unsymmetrical ethers.

                     C₂H₅-O-C₂H₅                     Simple ether
                     C₂H₅-O-CH₃                       Mixed ether

Ethers may also be classified into two categories as aliphatic ethers and aromatic ethers. In aliphatic ethers, the groups R and R’ are both alkyl groups whereas in aromatic ethers, one or both R and R’ groups are aryl groups. Ether with one alkyl and one aryl groups are also called aryl alkyl ethers or phenolic ethers whereas ethers with both aryl groups are called diaryl ethers. Some examples are:

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