Commercial Carbonyl Compounds

Some commercially important carboyl compounds are methanol, ethanol, benzaldehyde and Propanone. Let us discuss their industrial preparation and some uses:
    
1. Methanol (Formaldehyde) HCHO

It is prepared by the oxidation of methyl alcohol with air in the presence of copper as catalyst.



Its 40% aqueous solution is known as formalin. It is also available as solid polymers paraformaldehyde and trioxane.

Methanol can be readily obtained from these polymers by gentle warming.
                                                    
              

Uses: (i) Methanal is used in the manufacture of Bakelite, resins and other polymers.

(ii) As formalin it is used for preserving biological samples.
    
2. Ethanal (Acetaldehyde). CH₃CHO

It is prepared by the hydration of acetylene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of mercuric sulphate.

It may also be obtained by the dehydrogenated of ethyl alcohol.



Acetaldehyde is also available as a timer paraldehyde, which can be obtained by allowing acetaldehyde to stand for a long time or by adding few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to it.



Uses: (i) ethanol is used in the preparation of a number of organic compounds like acetic acid ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol.

(ii) It is used in silvering of mirrors.

(iii) Paraldehyde is used in medicines as hypotonic.
    
3. Benzaldehyde

It is prepared by side chain chlorination of toluene to benzylidene chloride followed by hydrolysis.

Uses: Benzaldehyde is used:
    
(i) In perfume industry.
    
(ii) As a starting material for the synthesis of other organic compounds like cinamic acid, benzoyl chloride, etc.
    
(iii) In the manufacture of dyes like malachite green.
    
4. Propane (Acetone) CH₃COCH₃

Acetone is prepared by the dehydrogenation of iso-propyl alcohol using heated copper.
    


It can also be obtained by dry distillation of calcium acetate.



Uses: it is used in a solvent in the manufacture of smokeless powders (cordite), celluloid. It is also used in one of the ingredients of liquid nail polish.

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