Amines from Amides Alcohols
1. from amides
(a) By reduction of Amides using Na/C2H5OH or LiAlH4: In this reaction amides get reduced to primary amines with the same number of carbon atoms as in parent amide
Secondary or tertiary amides can, however, give secondary or tertiary amines.
(b) By Hoffmann’s Bromamide reaction: primary (1˚) acid amides on reaction with Br2 in the presence of alkalies at about 343 K give primary amines. It may be noted that amine formed by this method has one carbon atom less than the parent amide.
2. From alcohols (Industrial method)
Aliphatic amines of low molecular mass are prepared on industrial scale by passing a mixture of an alcohol and ammonia in the vapour phase over heated alumina at 575 K. if ammonia is in excess; the primary amine is the major product. However, if the alcohol is in excess, then primary, secondary and tertiary amines are formed together.
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