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Cyanides Isocyanides

Cyanides are the compounds that contain cyano (-CN) group whereas isocyanides contain iscyano (-NC) group in their molecules.

For example,

Nomenclature

(a) Common system of naming: cyanides are named either by using suffix cyanide after the name of alkyl or aryl group or by adding the suffix nitrile in place of ic-acid in the common name of the corresponding acid produced by the hydrolysis of the cyanide compound. Isocyanides, on the other hand, are named by adding the prefix iso, before the name of corresponding alkyl nitrile.

(b) IUPAC system of naming: cyanides are named as Alkanenitriles: the carbon atom of the –CN group is also counted in the parent chain. The positions of various substituents are indicated by numbering the carbon atoms of the parent chain starting from carbon atom –CN group. Isocyanides, according to IUPAC system are named as alkyl isocyanides. The common and IUPAC names of some cyanide and isocyanide compounds are given in tabular form as follows:

(c) The compounds containing two CN groups are named by adding the suffix dinitrile to the name of parent hydrocarbon.

(d) If the compound contain more than two –CN groups directly linked to parent chain, then all of them are represented by adding the suffix cabronitrile to the name of parent hydrocarbon. In this case the parent chain does not include the carbon atoms of –CN groups.

(e) Alicyclic or aromatic cyano: compounds are also named by adding suffix carbonitrile to name of parent hydrocarbon.